Heat the olive oil (1/4 cup) in a large saute pan, over medium-high heat, until it shimmers. Reduce the heat to medium and add the garlic (12 cloves), cook, stirring constantly, turning over (watching carefully to make sure garlic doesn't burn.) until the garlic is golden brown, about 1 minute.
Add prosciutto (3 ounces), basil (1/3 cup), bay leaf (1), and parsley (3 tablespoons), and continue to cook over medium heat for 30 seconds.
Increase heat to medium-high and pour in the wine (1/3 cup) and cook until everything is well incorporated for 10-15 seconds.
Pour in tomatoes 1 (28-ounce) can) and break them up as they cook, with a wooden spoon. Add sugar (1/4 teaspoon), salt (3/4 teaspoon), and pepper (1/4 teaspoon). Bring sauce to a boil, reduce heat and simmer briskly from 2-3 minutes or until liquid is reduced by half. Reduce heat and gently simmer continue to 20 minutes.
When ready to serve, add the drained pasta (12 ounces) to the warm sauce and heat on low heat. Toss. Add half the parmesan cheese and a couple of tablespoons of reserved pasta water, continuing to toss. Add the remaining 1/2 cup parmesan and 2 tablespoons of butter and toss until pasta is well coated. Cook on low for a couple of minutes so the pasta can absorb the sauce. Add more pasta water, a couple of tablespoons at a time, to loosen sauce if necessary. The pasta should be plenty saucy while you're incorporating the cheese so it emulsifies into the sauce properly while still remaining thick enough to coat the pasta.
Serve in individual pasta bowls. Garnish the bowl with chopped herbs and pass Parmesan on the side.