Make the Marinade: In a large mixing bowl, whisk the egg white (1) until foamy. Stir in soy sauce (2 tablespoons), rice wine vinegar (2 tablespoons), and vodka (2 tablespoons). Pour half of this mixture into a small bowl and set aside. Add 1/4 teaspoon baking soda and 3 tablespoons cornstarch to the half of the marinade remaining in the large bowl. Add chicken pieces (1 pound) and using your hands, toss to coat evenly.  Set aside.
Make the Dry Coating: In a large mixing bowl, whisk together 1/2 cup all-purpose flour, 1/2 cup cornstarch, 1/2 teaspoon baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Stir in reserved egg marinade and mix, breaking up large clumps, until the mixture has coarse, smaller, or granular clumps. Add chicken pieces and using your hands, toss to coat evenly. Press to help the coating adhere. Remove well-coated chicken pieces, shaking off excess coating, and spread out on a wire baking rack. Allow to stand for 10-15 minutes.
Meanwhile, Make the Sauce: Add all sauce ingredients to a small bowl and whisk to combine. Set aside.
In a wok, heat peanut oil to about 350ºF (177ºC). Working in batches so as not to crowd the pan, carefully lower pieces of dry coated chicken into hot oil, and cook, stirring frequently, so pieces don't stick together, monitoring the temperature of the oil and maintaining a temperature of 325-370ºF (163-188ºC). Cook until chicken is cooked about 3-4 minutes. Remove cooked chicken to a paper towel-lined plate and drain well.
Drain all but 1 tablespoon of oil from the wok. With the heat on high until just smoking, add half the green onions, jalapeno, and red chili flakes (1 teaspoon) and cook just until fragrant, about 20-30 seconds. Add the chicken back to the wok along with the sauce and bring to a boil. Cook until the sauce has thickened. Garnish with the remaining half of the green onions and a few red pepper flakes and serve.