Arrange oven shelf to middle position. Preheat oven to 350ºF (177ºC). Butter an 11x17-inch baking dish, or spray with nonstick cooking spray.
Place sliced squash (3 pounds) in a colander and sprinkle with 2 teaspoons of salt. Toss the squash to evenly coat it with salt. Let stand for 30 minutes. Rinse well.
Lay out squash on a double layer of paper towels and top with a second double layer. Apply light pressure to absorb as much excess moisture.
In a large skillet, melt butter (2 tablespoons) over medium heat. Add squash and sprinkle (1 teaspoon) Cajun seasoning, (1/4 teaspoon) salt, and (1/4 teaspoon) pepper evenly over the squash.
Cook over medium heat, turning squash over as needed, for about 10 minutes or just long enough to draw out the naturally occurring moister. (At this point the squash should be just tender with liquid evaporated but not completely cooked). Transfer to a colander set in the sink set aside. Discard any liquid.
Add (1 tablespoon) butter and melt over medium-low heat. Stir in onion (1 1/2 cups) and sauté until translucent, about 6 minutes. Stir in garlic (3 cloves) and continue to cook, until fragrant, about 1 minute.
In a large mixing bowl, beat cream cheese (6 ounces), sour cream (2/3 cup), mayonnaise (1/4 cup), eggs (2), and remaining 1 teaspoon of Cajun seasoning, with a hand-held electric mixer on medium speed, until combined.
Using a large wooded spoon or rubber spatula, stir in cheddar cheese (1 1/2 cups).
Add squash and fold with the rubber spatula, until evenly coated.
Pour mixture into prepared baking dish; set aside.